Alevel生物是一门学术性和实操性并重的科目，很多同学常被研究报告和论文折磨得苦不堪言。只有框架没有内容让一篇本该高分的作业变成将将及格，由此可见，有足够的内容来填充自己的论文是十分必要的。以下是小编为大家整理的Alevel生物中真核细胞一单元的论文写作素材，可供参考。

What is a Eukaryotic Cell?什么是真核细胞？

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organisms. Protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals all have eukaryotic cells. They are classified under the kingdom Eukaryota.

真核细胞有一个封闭在核膜内的细胞核，并形成大型和复杂的生物体。原生动物、真菌、植物和动物都有真核细胞。它们被归入真核生物界。

They can maintain different environments in a single cell that allows them to carry out various metabolic reactions. This helps them grow many times larger than the prokaryotic cells.

它们可以在一个细胞中保持不同的环境，使它们能够进行各种代谢反应。这有助于它们比原核细胞大很多倍。

Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells 真核细胞的特点

Eukaryotic cells have the nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane.

The cell has mitochondria.

Flagella and cilia are the locomotory organs in a eukaryotic cell.

A cell wall is the outermost layer of the eukaryotic cells.

The cells divide by a process called mitosis.

The eukaryotic cells contain a cytoskeletal structure.

The nucleus contains a single, linear DNA, which carries all the genetic information.

真核细胞有封闭在核膜内的细胞核。

细胞有线粒体。

鞭毛和纤毛是真核细胞中的运动器官。

细胞壁是真核细胞的最外层。

细胞通过一个称为有丝分裂的过程进行分裂。

真核细胞包含一个细胞骨架结构。

细胞核包含一个单一的、线性的DNA，它携带所有的遗传信息。

Structure Of Eukaryotic Cell 真核细胞的结构

Plasma Membrane 浆膜

The plasma membrane separates the cell from the outside environment.

浆膜将细胞与外界环境分开。

It comprises specific embedded proteins, which help in the exchange of substances in and out of the cell.

它由特定的嵌入式蛋白质组成，有助于物质进出细胞的交换。

Cell Wall 细胞壁

A cell wall is a rigid structure present outside the plant cell. It is, however, absent in animal cells.

细胞壁是存在于植物细胞外的一种刚性结构。然而，在动物细胞中却没有这种结构。

It provides shape to the cell and helps in cell-to-cell interaction.它为细胞提供形状并帮助细胞间的相互作用。

It is a protective layer that protects the cell from any injury or pathogen attacks.

它是一个保护层，保护细胞免受任何伤害或病原体的攻击。

It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, proteins, etc.它由纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、蛋白质等组成。

Cytoskeleton 细胞骨架

The cytoskeleton is present inside the cytoplasm, which consists of microfilaments, microtubules, and fibres to provide perfect shape to the cell, anchor the organelles, and stimulate the cell movement.

细胞骨架存在于细胞质内，由微丝、微管和纤维组成，为细胞提供完美的形状，固定细胞器，并刺激细胞运动。

Endoplasmic Reticulum 内质网

It is a network of small, tubular structures that divides the cell surface into two parts: luminal and extraluminal.

它是一个小的、管状结构的网络，将细胞表面分为两部分：管腔和管腔外。

Nucleus 细胞核

The nucleoplasm enclosed within the nucleus contains DNA and proteins.

封闭在细胞核内的核质含有DNA和蛋白质。

The nuclear envelop consists of two layers- the outer membrane and the inner membrane. Both the membranes are permeable to ions, molecules, and RNA material.

核包膜由两层组成--外膜和内膜。这两层膜对离子、分子和RNA物质都是可渗透的。

Ribosome production also takes place inside the nucleus.

核糖体的产生也发生在细胞核内。

Golgi Apparatus 高尔基体

It is made up of flat disc-shaped structures called cisternae.

高尔基体由扁平的圆盘状结构组成，被称为蓄水池。

It is absent in red blood cells of humans and sieve cells of plants.

它在人类的红血球和植物的筛状细胞中没有。

They are arranged parallel and concentrically near the nucleus.

它们平行和集中地排列在细胞核附近。

It is an important site for the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

它是形成糖蛋白和糖脂的一个重要场所。

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