Alevel经济学一直都是留学热门专业，它所学习的内容涵盖了一系列基本的经济思想，并且引导同学们立足国际，培养经济大视野，如果大家对未来从事金融业或商业很感兴趣，alevel经济学是一门很适合学习的科目！本篇中小编为大家总结了Alevel经济学高分笔记中有关英国和欧元的部分，前篇已经分享，可在本站搜索关键词查看，后篇会持续更新，可供参考。

Labour market flexibility 

劳动力市场的灵活性

Most economists agree that the UK has a more flexible labour market than Euro-land. We are finally reaping the benefits of all the reforms of the 80s (see the topic called 'Labour markets' for details). The UK labour market is still not very mobile, though. The Euro-land labour market is neither flexible nor mobile.

Looking back at the American economy again, its labour market is fairly flexible andverymobile. If an American loses his job in one state, he can move and find a job in a more prosperous state. Crucially, the language and the culture are the same. This will never be the case in Euro-land.

大多数经济学家都认为，英国的劳动力市场比欧洲大陆更加灵活。我们终于收获了80年代所有改革的好处（详见名为 "劳动力市场 "的专题）。不过，英国劳动力市场的流动性仍然不大。欧洲大陆的劳动力市场既不灵活也不流动。

再回过头来看美国经济，它的劳动力市场相当灵活，流动性很强。如果一个美国人在一个州失去了工作，他可以搬家并在一个更繁荣的州找到工作。最重要的是，语言和文化都是一样的。在欧洲大陆，情况永远不会是这样。

Without flexibility (in terms of wages as well as the conditions of employment) and mobility (geographical and occupational), it is difficult for countries within Euro-land to sort out large unemployment problems. They can't change their interest rate on their own, they can't ask for money from the EU, they can't borrow excessively themselves to fund the problem and now their unemployed workers are not very mobile or flexible when it comes to finding another job.

The UK is better in terms of flexibility, but does it want to join the single currency when the other members do not seem to being doing much about their inflexibility (to the detriment of the whole project)?

如果没有灵活性（在工资和就业条件方面）和流动性（地理和职业），欧元区的国家很难解决大量的失业问题。他们不能自己改变利率，不能向欧盟要钱，不能自己过度借钱来资助这个问题，而且现在他们的失业工人在寻找另一份工作时，流动性和灵活性都不高。

英国在灵活性方面要好一些，但当其他成员似乎没有对他们的不灵活性采取什么措施（对整个项目不利）的时候，它想加入单一货币吗？

Conclusion

结论

The decision is a difficult one. The advantages are more clear-cut and definite. The disadvantages look horrible, but are less certain. Certainly the degree of unpleasantness is difficult to predict. If the project works over the medium to long term, the UK would definitely want to be part of it. The UK would be economically better off. Essentially, the key question is, would the benefits of price transparency and stability be outweighed by the loss due to the handing over of monetary policy to the ECB?

这个决定是一个困难的决定。优点是比较清楚和明确的。缺点看起来很可怕，但不太确定。当然，不愉快的程度是很难预测的。如果该项目在中长期内可行，英国肯定会想成为其中的一部分。英国在经济上会有更好的发展。从本质上讲，关键问题是，价格透明和稳定的好处是否会被将货币政策移交给欧洲央行所带来的损失所抵消？

Some politicians do not want to join however good the economics looks. Many feel it is a political, rather than an economic, project. The goal of the devisors of the single currency was a single government. In other words, a federal United States of Europe (like the USA). Decisions made and taxes set centrally in Brussels on top of the interest rate decisions that are already made centrally (i.e. by the ECB).If the UK government loses the power to set its own taxes then what is it? A regional devolved government subservient to an all-powerful Brussels, just like local government has little power in the UK at the moment?Of course, the project will not necessarily go that far, but the euro-sceptics can paint a fairly apocalyptic picture, as you can see.

一些政治家不想加入，不管经济上看起来有多好。许多人认为这是一个政治项目，而不是一个经济项目。单一货币的设计者的目标是一个单一政府。换句话说，一个联邦制的欧洲合众国（如美国）。在已经集中作出的利率决定（即由欧洲央行）的基础上，由布鲁塞尔集中作出决定和制定税收。如果英国政府失去了制定自己税收的权力，那么它是什么？一个服从于全能的布鲁塞尔的地区分权政府，就像目前英国的地方政府没有什么权力一样？当然，这个项目不一定会走到那一步，但正如你所看到的，欧元怀疑论者可以描绘出一幅相当可怕的画面。

There is one very good analogy. Imagine that you are about to take a flight that will take you to the Caribbean and a well-earned, enjoyable holiday (that's the good part - joining a successful single currency). You are told before the flight that there is something slightly wrong with one of the engines, but the chances of anything going wrong are very small indeed (the chances of the euro project going completely wrong are also very small).

有一个非常好的比喻。想象一下，你即将乘坐飞机前往加勒比海，享受一个应得的、愉快的假期（这是好的部分--加入一个成功的单一货币）。你在飞行前被告知，其中一个引擎出了点小问题，但出问题的几率确实很小（欧元项目完全出问题的几率也很小）。

以上是小编为大家收集的Alevel经济学高分笔记（5），希望对大家有所帮助，祝各位同学学业有成金榜题名！后篇将会持续更新，如有更多Alevel辅导的需要，欢迎联系在线客服老师，会获得更专业的指导~