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Television is thought to exert its effects in four ways.

电视被认为是通过四种方式发挥其影响的。

The evidence that media violence increases antisocial behaviour has been disputed. Some researchers suggest that the media have no effect on aggression. One analysis of 300 studies lead to the conclusion that television violence does not influence children's behaviour (Howitt & Cumberbatch, 1974).

媒体暴力增加反社会行为的证据一直存在争议。一些研究人员认为，媒体对攻击行为没有影响。一项对300项研究的分析得出的结论是，电视暴力并不影响儿童的行为（Howitt & Cumberbatch, 1974）。

Media influences on pro-social behaviour

媒体对亲社会行为的影响

According to some researchers, media violence may have a positive effect on behaviour 根据一些研究人员的说法，媒体暴力可能对行为产生积极影响:

The cathartic effect of television violence may only be true for certain personality types, particularly imaginative and fantasy-prone people (Singer, 1989).

电视暴力的宣泄作用可能只适用于某些人格类型，特别是富有想象力和容易产生幻想的人（Singer，1989）。

Evidence exists that prosocial behaviours can be learned from observing positive role models on television, especially if the models are rewarded for their behaviour. In fact, it seems that the influence of television on prosocial behaviour is ber than antisocial behaviour (Hearold, 1986). This may be because programme makers try to get across prosocial messages, which is not the case for anti-social behaviours.

有证据表明，亲社会行为可以从观察电视中的正面角色模型中学习，特别是如果模型的行为得到了奖励。事实上，电视对亲社会行为的影响似乎比反社会行为更强（Hearold，1986）。这可能是因为节目制作者试图传达亲社会的信息，而对于反社会行为则不然。

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